Electrolyte testing typically includes which substances?

Electrolyte testing primarily involves the measurement of essential ions that are crucial for various physiological functions in the body. Sodium and potassium are the most common electrolytes assessed in these tests because they play vital roles in maintaining fluid balance, nerve conduction, and muscle function.

Sodium helps regulate blood pressure and the volume of fluids in the body, while potassium is essential for heart function and also aids in the proper functioning of muscles and nerves. Abnormal levels of these electrolytes can indicate a range of health issues, including dehydration, kidney disease, and endocrine disorders.

Other substances in the choices, like calcium and magnesium, although important for other biochemical processes, are typically evaluated in separate tests rather than under the standard electrolyte panel. Iron and ferritin relate to iron metabolism and are measured in different tests that focus on anemia and iron overload disorders. Similarly, creatinine and urea are analyzed in renal function tests, not specifically for electrolyte balance. Thus, sodium and potassium are specifically identified as the key components of an electrolyte panel.